Arthritis: seronegative spondyloarthropathiesPEAR:Psoriatic arthritis
Enteropathic arthritis (IBD)
Ankylosing sponylitis
Reiter's/ Reactive
Kawasaki disease: diagnostic criteria
CHILD:5 letters=5 days, >5 years old, 5 out 6 criteria for diagnosis:
Conjuctivitis (bilateral)
Hyperthermia (fever) >5 days
Idiopathic polymorphic rash
Lymphoadenopathy (cervical)
Dryness & redness of (i)lips & month (ii)palms & soles [2 separate criteria]
Thyroid carcinoma: features, prognosis of most popular
Most
Popular is
Papillary.·
Clinical features:
Papillae (branching)
Palpable lymph nodes
"
Pupil" nuclei (Orphan Annie)
Psammoma bodies within lesion (often)·
Also, has a
Positive Prognosis (10 year survival rate: 98%).
Urination: autonomic control"When you pee, it's
PISs":
Parasympathetic Inhibits Sympathetic.
Gram positive stainGram
Positives
Stain
Purple (violet-blue) because of
their thick
Peptidoglycan layer
Hypercalcemia: symptoms of elevated serum levels"Bones, Stones, Groans, Moans":Bones: pain in bones
Stones: renal
Groans: pain
Psychic moans/ Psychological overtones: confused state
Wernicke-Korsakoff triad
Syndrome in alchoholics, who love to "
drink CANs of beer":
Confusion
Ataxia
Nystagmus
SIADH: diagnostic signSyndrome of
INAPPropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone:
Increased Na (sodium)
PP (urine)·
SIADH is characterized by increased urinary sodium.
Felty's syndrome: componentsSANTA:Splenomegaly
Anaemia
Neutropenia
Thrombocytopenia
Arthritis (rheumatoid)
Conscious change: causes
AEIOU TIPS:Alcohol
Encephalopathy
Infection
Opioid
Uremia
Trauma
Insulin
Psychosis
Syncope
Premature ejaculation: treatment4 S's:
SSRIs [eg: fluoxitime]
Squeezing technique [glans pressure before climax]·
Sensate-focus excercises [relieves anxiety]
Stop and start method [5-6 rehearsals of stopping stimulation before climax]
Neuroleptic side effects onsetThe rule of 4's:Dystonia: 4 hours-4 days
Akathesia: 4 days-40 days
Extrapyramidal symptoms: 4 days-4 weeks
Tardive dyskinesia: 4 months (greater than)·
Note that tardive is obviously the latest one to happen (tardive=tardy/late).·
Note that the first letters of these four classic symptoms spell "
DATE", and this mnemonic is the dates when they occur.
Pulmonary fibrosis: differential of both upper and lower lobesBREAST SCAR:·Upper lobe:Beryliosis
Radiation
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Sarcoidosis
TB·
Lower lobe:Systemic sclerosis
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Asbestosis
Radiation
Strep throat score / Issac Criteria NO FACE:NO cough: no cough is +1
Fever: has fever is +1
Age: less than 5 years is -1, 15-45 years is 0, greater than 45 years is +1
Cervical nodes: cervical nodes palpable is +1
Exudate: tonsillar exudate is +1·
Scoring interpretation:
Score 0-1: no strep throat.
Score 1-3: possible strep throat, do a swab test.
Score 4-5: strep throat is likely, so treat empirically.
Haematology: key numbers3 and 4 are key in in haematology:
1.34 cm3 of oxygen is carried by a gram of hemoglobin.
There's 3.4mg of iron in each gram of hemoglobin.
There's an average of 3.4 lobes per neutrophil.
There's 34mg bilirubin from each gram of hemoglobin.
Thigh: innervation by compartment
"MAP OF Sciatic":Medial compartment: Obturator
Anterior compartment: Femoral
Posterior compartment: Sciatic·
So all the thigh muscles in that compartment get innervated by that nerve.
Beck's triad (cardiac tamponade)3 D's:Distant heart sounds
Distended jugular veins
Decreased arterial pressure
Paget's disease of bone: signs and symptomsFour L's:Larger hat size
Loss of hearing: due to compression of nerve
Leontiasis ossea (lion-like face)
Light-headed (Paget's steal)
Kidney hilums at transpyloric plane [L1]L-1 goes through hilum of only
1 kidney, and it's the
Left one
Down syndrome pathologyDOWN:Decreased alpha-fetoprotein and unconjugated estriol (maternal)
One extra chromosome twenty-one
Women of advanced age
Nondisjunction during maternal meiosis
T2 vs. T1 MRI scan"WW 2" (World War II):·Water is White in a T2 scan.·
Conversely, a T1 scan shows fat as being whiter.
Malignant melanoma: 3 sites with poor prognosisBANS:Back of Arm
Neck
Scalp
Alpha-fetoprotein: some major causes for increased maternal serum AFP during pregnancyTOLD:Testicular tumours
Obituary (fetal death)
Liver: hepatomas
Defects (neural tube defects)
Stroke: young patient's likely causes7 C's:Cocaine
Consanguinity [familial such as neurofibromatosis and von Hippel-Lindau]
Cancer
Cardiogenic embol
hyperCoagulation
CNS infection [eg: HIV conditions]
Congenital arterial lesion
Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV, clubfoot): major physical findingsCAVE:Cavus
Adduction
Varus
Equinus
Hirsutism vs. virilismHirsutism:
Hair on body like a male.
Virilism:
Voice and rest of secondary sexual characteristics like a male.
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: symptom triad
WASTER:Wiskott Aldrich Syndrome is:
Thrombocytopenia
Eczema
Recurrent staphlococcal infections
Pheochromocytoma: common symptoms
5 P's:Paroxysmal rise in BP
Palpitations
Perspiration
Pain in abdomen
PMV in urine
Colon carcinoma: aeitiologyCRAPS:Chronic ulcerative colitis
Ratio of animal fat:fibre diet
Adenomatous polyps
Familial Polyposis
Strong family history of colon cancer.
Source:
http://www.medicalmnemonics.com/
